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Tonicity in Plants

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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
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Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

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Extracellular vesicles in plants.

Ning-Jing Liu1, Li-Pan Hou2, Xiao-Ya Chen2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

Molecular Plant
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant cells release extracellular vesicles (PEVs), which are crucial nano- to micro-sized particles. This study reviews their classification, isolation, biogenesis, functions, and applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted nanoparticles.
  • Plant cells release EVs (PEVs) under various conditions.
  • PEVs are distinct from other plant-derived nanoparticles and artificial vesicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and classify plant extracellular vesicles (PEVs).
  • To review PEV biogenesis, cargo, biological functions, and applications.
  • To identify current challenges and future opportunities in PEV research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PEVs.
  • Comparative analysis of PEV isolation techniques.
  • Analysis of reported PEV cargos and functions.

Main Results:

  • A refined definition of PEVs is proposed, distinguishing them from other nanoparticles.
  • Key aspects of PEV biogenesis and cargo diversity are highlighted.
  • Diverse biological functions and potential applications of PEVs are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • PEVs represent a significant area of research in plant science and nanotechnology.
  • Standardized isolation and characterization methods are needed.
  • Further investigation into PEV functions and applications holds great promise.