Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Spatially Compact Arrangement of Larval Zebrafish Sections for Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis
Published on: May 16, 2025
Spatial regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression revealed by spatial transcriptomic analysis in the water fern
1Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Utilization, Jishou University, Jishou, China.
Abstract:
Spatial transcriptomics is proving to be a powerful tool in elucidating plant development complexities. A study on the water fern Ceratopteris richardii applied this technology to sporophyte development, identifying 11 distinct spot clusters that mapped to leaves at various stages and probably leaf primordia and the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the stem, the vasculature, and scales/trichomes. Several transcription factors were identified-from the ARF, GRF, AP2, and bZIP families-as marker genes for these clusters. Functional enrichment analysis of marker genes identified biologically important processes, such as chloroplast-related functions in advanced leaves and DNA helicase activity in mitotic tissues. The pervasive enrichment of ribosome-related functions in nearly all tissue domains was unexpected. Furthermore, ribosomal protein (RP) genes were differentially expressed between tissues, marking single or multiple tissues. Paralogs encoding the same type of RP also differed in expression patterns from one another, with certain members not expressed or uniformly expressed. in situ hybridization showed that RP genes were generally expressed in the SAM, leaf primordia, and the vasculature.
Related Concept Videos
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
What is Gene Expression?
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression
Cell Specific Gene Expression
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Ribosomes
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...

