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Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

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Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species
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Meristem fate: to terminate, or not?

Chan-Yi Ivy Lin1, Vivian F Irish1,2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|February 4, 2026
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Plant meristem plasticity allows for diverse shoot architectures. This review explores how gene regulators and hormone gradients control the switch between sustained and finite growth, impacting crop yield.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Hormone signaling

Background:

  • Plant meristems are crucial for development, providing stem cells for organogenesis.
  • Meristem plasticity dictates shoot architecture and adaptation to environmental factors.
  • Understanding meristem regulation is key for optimizing crop architecture and yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory networks controlling shoot meristem indeterminacy and determinacy.
  • To explore the interplay between transcriptional regulators and phytohormone gradients.
  • To understand how these networks lead to determinate structures like flowers and thorns.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on plant meristems, transcriptional regulation, and phytohormone signaling.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms in various angiosperm species.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on meristem fate determination.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptional regulators and phytohormone gradients are key players in meristem fate decisions.
  • Specific networks govern the transition from indeterminate to determinate growth.
  • These mechanisms are conserved across different angiosperm species for producing floral and thorn structures.

Conclusions:

  • The plasticity of plant meristems is controlled by complex regulatory networks.
  • Phytohormones and transcription factors interact to determine growth patterns.
  • This knowledge can inform strategies for crop improvement and yield enhancement.