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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Methods for Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Double-Duty Drugs: Repositioning Antipsychotics to Combat Bacterial Infections.

Navid Faraji1, Mohammad Abavisani1, Negar Ebadpour2

  • 1Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

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|February 4, 2026
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Summary

Antipsychotics show antibacterial potential, but challenges like high doses and safety concerns limit their use. Further research is needed to confirm efficacy and safety for antimicrobial applications.

Keywords:
M. tuberculosisantibacterialantipsychoticsclinical studiesgut microbiotasafety and efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology
  • Drug Repurposing

Background:

  • Antipsychotics possess antibacterial properties, with efflux pump inhibition being a supported mechanism.
  • Other proposed mechanisms, like effects on the respiratory chain and cell wall inhibition, require further substantiation.
  • Current evidence is largely based on in vitro studies, with limited in vivo data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the antibacterial properties of antipsychotics.
  • To explore proposed mechanisms of action for their antimicrobial effects.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions for repurposing antipsychotics as antimicrobials.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on antipsychotics' antibacterial activity.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of action, including efflux pump inhibition, respiratory chain impact, and cell wall inhibition.
  • Evaluation of in vitro versus in vivo evidence and considerations for gut microbiota and antimicrobial resistance.

Main Results:

  • While some mechanisms are supported, others require more evidence.
  • High doses needed for antimicrobial effects raise safety concerns, especially in non-psychotic populations.
  • Potential adverse effects include metabolic disturbances, movement disorders, and sleep issues.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to validate the antibacterial potential of antipsychotics.
  • Ensuring safety and efficacy requires careful monitoring and a balanced risk-benefit analysis.
  • The use of antipsychotics as antimicrobials necessitates a thorough evaluation beyond their psychiatric indications.