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Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Hydroxyquinoline-functionalised aza-crown macrocycles for lanthanide coordination.

Christina Siakalli1,2, Bradley E Osborne1,2, Ryan K Brown1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK. n.long@imperial.ac.uk.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|February 4, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel chelator, H2KHQ, effectively binds therapeutic radiolanthanides like terbium-161. This advancement supports the development of targeted radiopharmaceuticals for molecular radiotherapy in nuclear medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiochemistry
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Therapeutic radiolanthanides are crucial for molecular radiotherapy.
  • Development of targeted radiopharmaceuticals requires efficient chelating agents.
  • Lanthanide complexation chemistry is key for radiopharmaceutical design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize a novel chelator, H2KHQ, for lanthanide ions.
  • Investigate the binding ability, stability, and selectivity of H2KHQ for Ln³⁺ ions.
  • Evaluate H2KHQ for radiolabeling with therapeutic radioisotopes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of N,N'-bis(8-hydroxyquinoline-2-ylmethyl)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (H2KHQ).
  • Spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis (XRD) of lanthanide complexes.
  • Determination of stability constants and DFT calculations.
  • Radiolabeling studies with Terbium-161 (¹⁶¹Tb).

Main Results:

  • H2KHQ demonstrated high selectivity for larger lanthanide ions (La³⁺, Tb³⁺).
  • Complexation occurred rapidly (30 min) at room temperature, forming stable species.
  • X-ray crystallography revealed a 10-coordinate La³⁺ center, highlighting the chelator's denticity.
  • Successful radiolabeling with ¹⁶¹Tb achieved 92% radiochemical yield under mild conditions.

Conclusions:

  • H2KHQ is a promising chelator for therapeutic radiolanthanides.
  • The chelator's design facilitates high coordination numbers required for Ln³⁺ ions.
  • This work provides a foundation for developing novel radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy.