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Related Concept Videos

Local Attraction01:22

Local Attraction

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Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
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Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
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Localized states in graphene nanoribbons.

Georgios Vailakis1,2, Georgios Kopidakis1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-70013, Greece.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found spatially localized states in graphene nanoribbons due to edge geometry, nonlinearity, and disorder. These phenomena impact wave propagation and transport in 2D nanostructures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Graphene nanoribbons exhibit unique electronic properties near the Fermi level.
  • Understanding wave packet dynamics is crucial for nanoscale transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spatially localized states in graphene nanoribbons.
  • To explore the influence of edge geometry, nonlinearity, and disorder on these states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the tight-binding model with nearest neighbor interactions.
  • Monitoring time evolution of wave packets.
  • Applying the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation model.
  • Introducing random on-site energies to simulate disorder.

Main Results:

  • Armchair nanoribbons exhibit flat band states localized across the width.
  • Zigzag nanoribbons show partially flat band states localized transversely and longitudinally.
  • Nonlinearity and disorder lead to wave packet spreading and exponential localization, respectively.
  • Identified distinct localization mechanisms including edge geometry, nonlinearity, and disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Spatially localized states in graphene nanoribbons arise from diverse origins.
  • These localization phenomena are critical for wave propagation and transport in 2D nanostructures.
  • Findings have implications for honeycomb lattice systems in photonics, cold atoms, and beyond.