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  2. Prediction Of Aspiration Risk By Using Vocal Biomarkers: Machine Learning Development And Validation Study.
  1. Home
  2. Prediction Of Aspiration Risk By Using Vocal Biomarkers: Machine Learning Development And Validation Study.

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Prediction of Aspiration Risk by Using Vocal Biomarkers: Machine Learning Development and Validation Study.

Cyril Varghese1, Jianwei Zhang2, Sara Charney3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.

JMIR Formative Research
|February 4, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Machine learning accurately predicts aspiration risk by analyzing vowel phonations. This novel algorithm offers a non-invasive tool to assess swallowing safety, comparable to expert clinicians.

Keywords:
ARDSILDacute respiratory distress syndromeartificial intelligenceaspirationinterstitial lung diseaselung transplantspeechvoice

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Speech Science
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Aspiration poses risks for respiratory diseases, but current diagnostic methods are invasive or unreliable.
  • Subjective bedside evaluations lack consistency, while tests like VFSS and FEES are resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a machine learning (ML) algorithm for predicting aspiration risk.
  • The algorithm analyzes acoustic features of simple vowel phonations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of [i] vowel phonations from 163 patients, recording acoustic features.
  • Supervised ML model trained to differentiate high-risk vs. low-risk aspirators, using VFSS for ground truth.
  • Model validated on an external cohort and compared to Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs).

Main Results:

  • ML model showed significant differences in risk scores between high-risk (0.530) and low-risk (0.243) aspiration groups (p<0.001).
  • Achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.76 in the development cohort and 0.70 in the external cohort.
  • ML model performance was comparable to trained SLPs in classifying aspiration risk.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifiable voice characteristics in Otolaryngology (ENT) patients correlate with aspiration risk.
  • An ML model analyzing sustained phonation can effectively detect differences between high- and low-risk aspirators.
  • This approach offers a promising, non-invasive method for aspiration risk assessment.