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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy.

Jeewanjot S Grewal1, Robert C John

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, M.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, aggressive tumor in infants. Prompt surgical excision is key to preventing recurrence of this benign but destructive condition.

Keywords:
Craniofacial tumormandibular cystpediatric craniofacial reconstructionpediatric tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, benign neoplasm of neural crest origin.
  • It typically affects infants under 1 year old, often in the anterior maxilla.
  • Clinical presentation can mimic eruption cysts, delaying diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of MNTI in an infant.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and management strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A 4-month-old male infant presented with a rapidly enlarging maxillary swelling.
  • Diagnostic evaluations included clinical assessment, radiography, and histopathology.
  • Management involved excisional biopsy under general anesthesia, with preoperative urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) assessment.

Main Results:

  • Radiographs revealed an expansile osteolytic lesion displacing a primary incisor.
  • Histopathology confirmed MNTI with biphasic cell populations and positive immunohistochemical markers (HMB-45, vimentin, cytokeratin).
  • The patient underwent complete excision and remained recurrence-free post-operatively with normal VMA levels.

Conclusions:

  • MNTI, though benign, demonstrates rapid growth and potential for significant bone destruction.
  • Accurate diagnosis and complete surgical excision with clear margins are crucial for preventing recurrence.
  • Increased clinician awareness is vital for managing rapidly growing infant maxillary masses.