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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Functionally Characterizing the Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Immune Microenvironment via Patient-Derived Ex Vivo Models

Neja Sirc1,2,3, Johannes Smolander1,2,3,4, Anita N Kumari1,2

  • 1Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.

Cancer Research Communications
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a patient-derived ex vivo system to analyze immune cells in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The system revealed challenges in overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with PD-1 blockade and VEGFR inhibition therapies.

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