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Hu Hong1, Qingshun Nian1, Xun Guo1

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Aqueous batteries offer safe and affordable energy storage but face low voltage limitations. This review details molecular design principles for advanced aqueous electrolytes to boost energy density for grid-scale applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous batteries are promising for grid-scale energy storage due to safety, simplicity, and cost.
  • Low output voltage limits the energy density of current aqueous battery systems.
  • Aqueous electrolytes are critical for ion transport and interfacial reactions, influencing overall performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of aqueous electrolytes in enhancing battery energy density.
  • To elucidate core bottlenecks in aqueous electrolyte design.
  • To outline molecular-level design principles and pathways for practical implementation of advanced aqueous electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on aqueous electrolyte design.
  • Analysis of molecular-level mechanisms governing ion transport and interfacial reactions.
  • Identification of key challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Identified core bottlenecks in aqueous electrolyte design hindering energy density.
  • Distilled fundamental molecular-level design principles for electrolyte optimization.
  • Outlined feasible strategies for developing next-generation aqueous electrolytes.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in aqueous electrolyte design are essential for improving battery performance.
  • Developing electrolytes with harmonized electrochemical properties will accelerate practical application.
  • This work guides the development of high-performance aqueous electrolytes for transformative energy solutions.