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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Synergetic Use of Neural Precursor Cells and Self-assembling Peptides in Experimental Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
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Nanoparticle-Assembled Multifaceted Hydrogel Therapy Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Yan Wang1,2, Yang Huang1,3, Wenkai Wang4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China.

ACS Nano
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new hydrogel therapy, LPPXN, effectively treats spinal cord injury (SCI) by promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. This innovative treatment offers a promising solution for SCI patients, enhancing structural integrity and biocompatibility.

Keywords:
ischemia-reperfusion injurymultifaceted hydrogelnanoparticlesneural protectionspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition with limited effective treatments.
  • There is a critical need for advanced therapeutic strategies to address SCI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a multifunctional hydrogel therapy (LPPXN) for treating spinal cord injury.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of LPPXN in SCI models.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a temperature-responsive, shear-thinning, and self-healing hydrogel (LPPXN) incorporating nanomicelles.
  • Administration of LPPXN via local injection in mouse models of SCI and SCI with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  • Assessment of structural integrity, functional recovery, neuroprotection, and molecular signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • LPPXN demonstrated sustained release, improved spinal cord structural integrity, and promoted functional recovery in SCI mice.
  • The therapy showed efficacy in a complex SCI model mimicking real-world scenarios.
  • LPPXN suppressed oxidative/inflammatory responses, induced beneficial macrophage/microglia polarization, and modulated key signaling pathways (CCL2/CCL5-JAK-STAT).
  • Excellent biocompatibility of LPPXN in the spinal cord tissue was observed.

Conclusions:

  • LPPXN is a promising multifunctional hydrogel therapy for spinal cord injury.
  • The therapy promotes neuroprotection and regeneration by modulating inflammatory and signaling pathways.
  • LPPXN warrants further investigation for treating SCI and other nerve-related diseases.