Research progress on Rosa laevigata polysaccharides and perspectives on their potential mechanisms based on gut...

Rosa laevigata polysaccharides (RLPs) are one of the primary bioactive components of the Rosa laevigata (RL). It has garnered increasing interest due to its wide range of biological activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and metabolic regulatory effects. This article provides a systematic review of current research on the extraction, isolation and purification, structural characterization, and conventional biological activities of RLPs. It further discusses the prebiotic potential of RLPs, highlighting their ability to restore gut microbiota composition and significantly increase microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Given the well-established systemic regulatory effects of SCFAs, it is further proposed that SCFAs generated from the gut microbial metabolism of RLPs may also contribute to systemic physiological regulation. These insights offer a rational basis for constructing a pharmacological activity network for RLPs and provide a more comprehensive theoretical foundation and future research directions for the in-depth development and industrial application of RLPs.