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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
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Anatomical Positions01:11

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Anatomical Terminology01:20

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of the Murine Uterosacral Ligaments and Pelvic Floor Organs
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Pelvic floor dysfunction: Anatomical characterization and functional imaging with MRI defecography.

Rosa Alba Pugliesi1, Roberto Cannella1, Federica Vernuccio1

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.

European Journal of Radiology
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

MRI defecography offers a non-invasive method to assess pelvic floor dysfunction. This technique provides objective measurements for evaluating anatomy and dynamic function, aiding in treatment planning for conditions like organ descent and muscular weakness.

Keywords:
Functional imagingMRI defecographyPelvic Floor DysfunctionPelvic organ prolapseQuantitative assessment

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Optogenetic Functional MRI
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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of the Murine Uterosacral Ligaments and Pelvic Floor Organs
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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders
  • Functional Anatomy

Background:

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction involves organ descent and impaired muscular function.
  • Accurate assessment is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technique, protocol, and quantitative parameters of MRI defecography.
  • To highlight its role in evaluating pelvic floor dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Standard MRI defecography protocol includes resting, contraction, straining, and evacuation phases.
  • Utilizes fast spin-echo and real-time sequences for dynamic visualization.
  • Employs quantitative parameters like anorectal angle and levator plate angle.

Main Results:

  • MRI defecography objectively evaluates pelvic floor anatomy and dynamic function.
  • Identifies various prolapse types (cystocele, rectocele, enterocele) and surgical complications.
  • Assesses stabilizing structures like the levator ani complex.

Conclusions:

  • MRI defecography is a cornerstone for diagnosing and managing pelvic floor dysfunction.
  • Integrates anatomic and functional data for personalized therapeutic planning.
  • Improves surgical decision-making and long-term patient outcomes.