In search of "what really matters": Insights from a web-based survey on Patient-Centered Outcomes in GLUT1DS

Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the SLC2A1 gene. Core symptoms include epilepsy, movement disorders, and neurocognitive impairment. While ketogenic dietary therapies remain the gold standard for treatment, challenges persist in ensuring adherence, with varying responses across patients. Limited knowledge exists regarding the broader impact of GLUT1DS on patients and caregivers, highlighting the need for a patient-centered care approach.

In collaboration with the Italian GLUT1DS Association, a survey was developed to assess Patient-Centered Outcomes, covering demographic data, symptoms, daily life challenges and treatment experiences. The survey was distributed online to patients and caregivers, yielding 83 responses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square analyses to explore the relationship between core symptoms and broader life impacts.

Movement disorders were identified as a major barrier to daily activities, particularly leisure and social engagement. Cognitive impairments were linked to academic struggles, and speech/language impairments, especially dysarthria, emerged as a significant burden. Sleep disturbances were common, with restless sleep in younger patients and excessive daytime sleepiness in older ones. Although ketogenic therapies improved energy and memory, challenges in patient autonomy persisted. Delayed disease awareness and difficulty with educational and occupational transitions were also reported.

GLUT1DS has a broad impact beyond core symptoms. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary care approach is essential for optimizing quality of life. These findings offer critical insights for refining clinical management strategies and shaping future research on patient-reported outcomes in GLUT1DS.