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The relationship between maternal cannabis use disorder diagnosis and the development of retinopathy of prematurity

Melanie Tran1, Rebecca J Baer2, Gretchen Bandoli3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|February 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Maternal cannabis use disorder (CUD) did not significantly alter the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. This study found no increased or decreased incidence of ROP in infants born to mothers with CUD.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Perinatal health
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in preterm infants.
  • Cannabis use during pregnancy is a growing concern with potential implications for infant health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal cannabis use disorder (CUD) and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.
  • To compare ROP rates in infants born to mothers with and without a diagnosis of CUD during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing the UC San Diego Study of Outcomes in Mothers and Infants (SOMI) database.
  • Included preterm infants (22-<31 weeks gestation and/or <1500g birth weight) surviving to ROP screening age.
  • Maternal CUD and infant ROP identified via ICD codes; adjusted relative risk (aRR) calculated using log-linear regression.

Main Results:

  • 32.1% of infants born to mothers with CUD developed ROP versus 33.3% of infants born to mothers without CUD.
  • No statistically significant difference in ROP incidence was observed between the two groups (aRR = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1).
  • Adjusted analysis controlling for covariates confirmed no increased or decreased risk of ROP associated with maternal CUD.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants born to mothers with CUD are not at a higher or lower risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity.
  • The findings suggest that maternal CUD, as diagnosed in this study, is not a significant risk factor for ROP in this vulnerable infant population.
Abstract

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