A case of Human Pegivirus acute febrile infection diagnosed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)

This case report describes a patient with prolonged fever following a stay in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The patient was initially treated for malaria in Kinshasa but was subsequently hospitalized upon returning to Italy. Comprehensive diagnostic investigations, including serological, microbiological, and imaging studies, were conducted. Ultimately, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) enabled the identification of Human Pegivirus as the likely causative agent, leading to a definitive diagnosis and clinical improvement. This report highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by tropical febrile illnesses and emphasizes the valuable role of NGS in detecting elusive pathogens.