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Updated: Feb 6, 2026
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Hierarchical neurobehavioral model reveals that shared flexibility, not individual stability, supports rhythmic
Ruoyu Niu1, Yanan Li2, Lei Liu3
1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Neuroimage
|February 4, 2026
Summary
Neural coupling aids interpersonal coordination, but its role depends on behavioral synergy. Interbrain synchrony compensates for low synergy, highlighting a hierarchical neurobehavioral framework for understanding dyadic performance.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Social Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Interpersonal coordination involves balancing individual control and emergent synergy.
- The precise contribution of neural coupling to coordinated behavior remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between behavioral factors, dispositional traits, and neural synchrony in dyadic coordination.
- To elucidate the hierarchical neurobehavioral architecture underlying successful interpersonal coordination.
Main Methods:
- Utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning in dyads performing rhythmic coordination tasks.
- Employed joint modeling to analyze behavioral stability, dispositional structure (e.g., self-esteem, figure-embedding performance), and interbrain synchrony.
- Applied moderation analyses to explore conditional effects of neural coupling.
Main Results:
- Behavioral synergy was the strongest predictor of dyadic performance, while individual stability was negatively associated.
- Dispositional factors like dyad-level self-esteem positively influenced coordination, whereas performance differences negatively impacted it.
- Interbrain synchrony (neural coupling index) did not have a main effect but compensated for low behavioral synergy, with benefits decreasing as synergy increased.
Conclusions:
- Coordination is primarily founded on behavioral synergy, shaped by dispositional structure.
- Interbrain synchrony plays a context-dependent, compensatory role in interpersonal coordination.
- Findings support a hierarchical neurobehavioral model where behavior, traits, and neural synchrony interact dynamically.
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