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No relationship between testosterone and risk aversion: A meta-analytic review.

Irene Sánchez Rodríguez1, Luca Bailo1, Folco Panizza1

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Testosterone does not reliably influence risk-taking behavior. A comprehensive meta-analysis found no significant association, challenging the idea of a hormonal basis for risk preferences.

Keywords:
Risk aversionRisk preferencesTestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • The link between testosterone and risk-taking behavior is inconsistently reported in scientific literature.
  • Existing research spans multiple disciplines, leading to varied methodologies and findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis clarifying the relationship between testosterone and risk preferences.
  • To aggregate data from diverse empirical studies to determine the overall effect size.

Main Methods:

  • A multilevel random-effects meta-analysis of 52 studies (N=17,340) was performed.
  • Correlations between testosterone levels/manipulations and risk preferences were examined across various experimental paradigms.
  • Publication bias was assessed using trim-and-fill and fail-safe N methods.

Main Results:

  • The aggregated effect size was statistically null (r = -0.0021), indicating no reliable association between testosterone and risk-taking.
  • Heterogeneity was observed, with only lottery-based tasks showing a modest positive correlation.
  • No significant sex differences were found in the testosterone-risk correlation.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the hypothesis of a general hormonal basis for human risk preferences.
  • Risk-taking behavior is likely influenced by a biopsychosocial framework, including task specifics and context.
  • Future research should utilize preregistered, multi-measure designs and direct endocrine assays for precise mechanistic insights.