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Home
Environmental And Societal Costs Of Maize Production Decrease By Addressing The Uncertainty In Nitrogen Rate Recommendations.

Home
Environmental And Societal Costs Of Maize Production Decrease By Addressing The Uncertainty In Nitrogen Rate Recommendations.

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Environmental and societal costs of maize production decrease by addressing the uncertainty in nitrogen rate

Francisco Palmero¹, Eric A Davidson², Kaiyu Guan^3,4

¹Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA. fpalmero@purdue.edu.

Nature Communications

|February 4, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize in the US Corn Belt by 12-16% can decrease environmental pollution with minimal risk to crop yields. This optimization offers significant economic and ecological benefits.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Environmental Science
Soil Science

Background:

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization in agriculture leads to detrimental environmental and social impacts.
Optimizing nitrogen application is crucial for sustainable farming practices and mitigating pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine optimal nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize in the US Corn Belt.
To quantify the environmental benefits of reduced nitrogen application.
To assess the economic implications for farmers and society.

Main Methods:

Analysis of maize grain yield response to nitrogen field trials.
Modeling to assess risks of yield loss with reduced nitrogen rates.
Calculation of environmental (N2O-N emissions, N leaching) and social benefits.

Main Results:

Nitrogen fertilizer rates can be reduced by 12–16% in the US Corn Belt with negligible risk of maize yield loss.
Reduced nitrogen application decreased N2O-N emissions by 10% and N leaching by 13%.
Societal benefits from improved air and water quality range from $230–$530 million.

Conclusions:

Optimized nitrogen management in maize production offers substantial environmental and economic advantages.
Further nitrogen reductions, while beneficial for ecosystems, pose unacceptable yield loss risks for farmers.
Incentive programs are needed to support sustainable nitrogen management across the food supply chain.