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The ITS2 Database
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A unified plant ecology database for Spain.

Teresa Goicolea1,2, Jennifer Morales-Barbero3, Juan Ignacio García-Viñas4

  • 1Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. teresa.goicolea@mncn.csic.es.

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|February 4, 2026
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Summary

A new Spanish plant database offers spatial data for ecological research and conservation. It includes occurrence records, environmental data, distribution models, and conservation maps for diverse plant species.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Plant ecological research and conservation require comprehensive spatial data.
  • Existing data may be fragmented or lack integration across different categories.
  • Spain's diverse flora necessitates a dedicated spatial resource.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a centralized, high-resolution spatial database for plant ecology and conservation in mainland Spain.
  • To integrate diverse data types including species occurrences, environmental variables, distribution models, and thematic maps.
  • To provide data under current and future climate scenarios to support long-term planning.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of georeferenced plant occurrence records for native trees, shrubs, vascular plants, and bryophytes.
  • Integration of environmental variables (climatic, edaphic, hydrological, solar) influencing plant distribution.
  • Development and inclusion of species distribution models for 182 tree and shrub species.
  • Generation of thematic maps on species richness, vegetation types, and forest connectivity.
  • Projection of climatic variables, models, and maps under future climate scenarios (2070-2100).

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive database integrating four key spatial data categories is established.
  • Occurrence data covers 81 tree and 101 shrub native species, plus atlas data for 6,456 vascular plants and 1,252 bryophytes.
  • Species distribution models are available for all 182 tree and shrub species.
  • Thematic maps provide insights into species richness, vegetation distribution, and forest connectivity.
  • All data, including future projections, is openly accessible via Zenodo.

Conclusions:

  • The database provides a valuable, integrated resource for advancing plant ecological research in Spain.
  • It supports evidence-based conservation strategies and land management decisions under changing environmental conditions.
  • Open access to this spatial data facilitates wider scientific collaboration and application in biodiversity studies.