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Related Concept Videos

Optimal Foraging00:48

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How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Foraging Path-length Protocol for Drosophila melanogaster Larvae
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Temperature-driven shifts in foraging behaviour during larval development in a dragonfly.

Jolan Hogreve1, Frank Johansson2, Frank Suhling3

  • 1Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. j.hogreve@tu-braunschweig.de.

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|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Dragonfly larvae (Sympetrum striolatum) show increased predatory behavior with higher temperatures and prey density. However, life history traits like age and size significantly impact their foraging success more than environmental factors.

Keywords:
Foraging behaviourLearningOdonata larvaeOntogenyTemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Predatory performance in dragonfly larvae is complex, influenced by environmental factors and individual traits.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for predicting foraging dynamics and ecological interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative impact of temperature, prey density, competition, and life history traits on the predatory behavior of Sympetrum striolatum larvae.
  • To determine the ontogenetic effects on foraging performance.

Main Methods:

  • Larvae were observed over five weeks under varying temperatures and prey densities, with/without competitors.
  • Larvae were reared from hatching, with size measurements taken before each trial to assess ontogenetic effects.

Main Results:

  • Higher temperatures and prey density significantly increased prey-capture behavior, especially in younger, smaller larvae.
  • Life history traits (age, size) had a stronger influence on strikes, captures, and capture success than external factors like prey density or competition.

Conclusions:

  • Ontogeny plays a critical role in shaping foraging performance in dragonfly larvae.
  • Future models predicting foraging behavior should integrate life history traits alongside environmental variables.
  • Integrating developmental biology is essential for understanding behavioral responses to environmental change.