Possible link between Toxoplasma gondii and neurodegenerative diseases

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common causes of zoonotic parasitic diseases in the world. Neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis) are relatively common and create significant social and health problems. As a result of the studies, it has been hypothesized that the neuro-inflammation caused by Toxoplasma gondii may be responsible for the development of various neurodegenerative diseases.

Serum samples of 300 patients with neurodegenerative diseases and 100 healthy volunteers were evaluated for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by Electrochemiluminescence method. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied to the patients. Results were evaluated statistically.

Toxoplasma gondii IgG positivity was detected in 172 (57.3%) of 300 serum samples taken from the patient groups. Seropositivity was found in 42 (24.4%) patients with multiple sclerosis, 60 (34.9%) patients with Parkinson's disease and 70 (40.7%) patients with Alzheimer's disease. In the control group IgG was positive in 36 (36 %) subjects but IgM antibody positivity was not detected.

According to the study results, there was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, but there was no a statistically significant relationship in multiple sclerosis patients.