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FRAME: fast reference-based ancestry makeup estimation tool.

Pramesh Shakya1, Ardalan Naseri2, Degui Zhi2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States.

Bioinformatics Advances
|February 5, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fast Reference-based Ancestry Makeup Estimation (FRAME) uses identity-by-descent segments for efficient global ancestry inference. This method significantly reduces memory usage while maintaining high accuracy for large genetic datasets.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Large-scale genetic data necessitates scalable methods for studying individual genetic ancestries.
  • Current global ancestry methods lack the scalability required for massive genetic datasets.
  • Identity-by-descent (IBD) segments offer a computationally efficient alternative for ancestry inference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce FRAME, a novel reference-based method for fast global ancestry estimation.
  • To leverage IBD segments for efficient and accurate ancestry composition analysis.
  • To improve the scalability and robustness of genetic ancestry inference methods.

Main Methods:

  • Developed FRAME (Fast Reference-based Ancestry Makeup Estimation), a reference-based global ancestry inference tool.
  • Utilized partial local ancestry information derived from IBD segments.
  • Implemented efficient algorithms robust to genotyping errors and refined the reference panel for enhanced ancestral homogeneity.

Main Results:

  • FRAME demonstrates comparable accuracy to existing methods while consuming 10-100 times less memory.
  • The method shows robust performance on both real and simulated genetic data.
  • Panel refinement strategy improves the accuracy of ancestry composition estimates.

Conclusions:

  • FRAME provides a scalable and memory-efficient solution for global genetic ancestry inference.
  • The approach using IBD segments is effective for analyzing large genetic datasets.
  • FRAME offers a valuable tool for population genetics and personalized genomics research.