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Compartmentalised Function of TaHRC-R Orchestrates ROS Production and Nuclear Condensate Dynamics.

Yang Yang1,2, Qingwen Li2, Xin Ou2

  • 1Hainan Research Institute of Northwest A&F University, Sanya, China.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|February 5, 2026
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Summary

The Fhb1 gene in wheat provides resistance to Fusarium head blight by utilizing the TaHRC protein. The resistant TaHRC-R variant triggers a defense response outside the nucleus and modifies the susceptible TaHRC-S protein inside the nucleus.

Keywords:
Fusarium head blightROS accumulationTaHRCnuclear‐cytoplasmic localisation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease.
  • The Fhb1 locus is crucial for FHB resistance, with TaHRC as its candidate gene.
  • The precise mechanism of TaHRC in conferring resistance is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of TaHRC in wheat Fusarium head blight resistance.
  • To investigate the subcellular localization and functional differences between resistant (TaHRC-R) and susceptible (TaHRC-S) alleles.
  • To understand how TaHRC-R interacts with TaHRC-S to confer immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Subcellular localization studies using protein tagging and microscopy.
  • Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst induction in planta.
  • Investigating protein-protein interactions and condensate formation using biochemical assays.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to identify functional domains.

Main Results:

  • TaHRC-R localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm, while TaHRC-S is nuclear-confined.
  • Extranuclear TaHRC-R triggers ROS burst, dependent on its N-terminal 21 amino acids.
  • TaHRC-R heterodimerizes with TaHRC-S in the nucleus, altering TaHRC-S condensate structure.
  • A dual mechanism involving extranuclear ROS production and nuclear condensate modulation by TaHRC-R.

Conclusions:

  • TaHRC-R employs a compartmentalized strategy for FHB resistance.
  • Subcellular localization and nuclear condensate disruption are key to Fhb1-mediated immunity.
  • This study reveals a novel paradigm of specialized functions within different cellular compartments for plant defense.