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Adverse life events impact biological aging differently in males and females. Childhood adversity affects females more, while adulthood adversity impacts males more, influencing aging markers like frailty and grip strength.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adverse life events are linked to accelerated biological aging.
  • Existing research has not fully clarified sex-specific differences in the association between adversity timing and biological aging markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in the association between childhood and/or adulthood adversity and biological aging markers.
  • To determine if the timing of adversity exposure (childhood vs. adulthood) modifies these sex-specific associations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 153,557 UK Biobank participants (aged 40-69).
  • Assessed associations between childhood/adulthood adversity and metabolomic aging, frailty, telomere length, and grip strength.
  • Employed stratified analyses and sex-by-adversity interaction tests to evaluate sex differences.

Main Results:

  • Childhood adversity was linked to multiple aging markers predominantly in females (metabolite-predicted age, frailty, telomere length, grip strength).
  • Adulthood adversity showed stronger associations with certain aging markers in males (frailty, grip strength).
  • Significant sex-by-adversity interactions were observed for frailty and grip strength.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of adversity exposure significantly shapes sex differences in biological aging.
  • Females and males exhibit distinct vulnerabilities to adversity at different life stages, influencing biological aging.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering both sex and the timing of adversity in aging research.