[Fire in an electric car: the risks of lithium ion battery fire]

Accidents involving electric vehicles containing lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly common in the Netherlands. These incidents can result in exposure to fumes from burning Li-ion batteries, potentially resulting in exposure to higher concentrations of HF and LiOH. The effects of these substances should be considered when treating patients exposed to this type of fume. Both can cause respiratory toxicity if inhaled. Pulmonary oedema due to hydrogen fluoride can develop after a latency period of up to 12 hours and in extreme cases hydrogen fluoride can cause hypocalcaemia. Calcium gluconate nebulization and gel can be used as an antidote for hydrogen fluoride toxicity. In addition to respiratory symptoms, lithium hydroxide can also cause chemical burns. This clinical lesson describes a case of a patient exposed to fumes following an accident with his electric vehicle, followed by recommendations for observation and treatment.