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Correlation Between Serum GDF11 Levels and the Progression of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation and Long-term Prognosis

Jiangping Ye1,2, Kewei Zong3, Yehong Liu2

  • 1The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|February 5, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) levels predict worsening ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and heart failure in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Higher GDF11 indicates a better prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarkers
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a frequent complication in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11), a known cardiovascular protective factor, has a potential role in modulating IMR progression and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive value of serum GDF11 levels for IMR exacerbation and cardiac function post-pPCI in STEMI patients.
  • To assess GDF11 as a prognostic biomarker for heart failure development in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Serum GDF11 levels were measured pre-pPCI in 310 STEMI patients.
  • Cox regression, ROC analysis, and Spearman's correlation were employed to analyze the association between GDF11, IMR progression, and cardiac function (including LVEF and left atrial dimensions).

Main Results:

  • Lower serum GDF11 levels significantly predicted IMR worsening (HR=0.982, P=0.004) and were associated with reduced cardiac function.
  • Higher GDF11 levels correlated with reduced IMR progression (P=0.0013) and lower risk of heart failure (P=0.0003).
  • GDF11 levels showed significant correlation with LVEF and left atrial changes (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Serum GDF11 is an independent predictor of IMR exacerbation and post-pPCI heart failure in STEMI patients.
  • GDF11 serves as a valuable prognostic biomarker for assessing cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients complicated by IMR.
Keywords:
Growth differentiation factor 11Heart failureMitral valveRegurgitationST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

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