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Major Lifetime Discrimination Exposure Accelerates Brain Microstructural Aging: Diffusion MRI Evidence From MIDUS.

Ajay Kumar Nair, Nagesh Adluru, Anna J Finley

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    Summary

    Major discrimination experiences are linked to accelerated brain aging. This study found that individuals reporting discrimination showed faster age-related changes in white matter microstructure, suggesting a potential impact on brain health.

    Keywords:
    MIDUSagingbrain microstructurediffusion weighted imagingmajor lifetime discrimination

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Aging Research
    • Social Determinants of Health

    Background:

    • Discrimination is linked to accelerated biological aging, including telomere shortening and DNA methylation.
    • The effects of discrimination on brain aging processes, specifically white matter and hippocampal microstructure, are not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether lifetime discrimination experiences are associated with accelerated age-related changes in brain microstructure.
    • To compare microstructural metrics in whole-brain white matter and the hippocampus between individuals with and without reported major discrimination events.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of multi-shell diffusion-weighted MRI data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) cohort (n=147, mean age=65).
    • Assessment of brain microstructure using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), White Matter Tract Integrity (WMTI), and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) models.
    • Statistical analysis using permutation tests, adjusting for sex, race, and education.

    Main Results:

    • Individuals reporting at least one major lifetime discrimination event showed accelerated age-associated changes in white matter microstructure.
    • These changes included higher mean and radial diffusivities, extra-axonal radial diffusivity, and free water fraction.

    Conclusions:

    • Major discrimination experiences may contribute to accelerated brain microstructural aging.
    • Findings suggest a link between psychosocial stressors like discrimination and neurobiological aging processes.