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The center of mass is the point at which the total mass of an object can be said to be concentrated. It is a fundamental principle in mechanics and physics that applies to all objects regardless of their shape or size. The center of gravity is the point at which an object’s weight appears to be concentrated and can be used to balance the object perfectly.
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Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications
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DNA origami vaccines program antigen-focused germinal centers.

Anna Romanov1,2, Grant A Knappe1,3, Larance Ronsard4

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 5, 2026
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Summary

Developing novel vaccine platforms like DNA virus-like particles (DNA-VLPs) is key to priming rare B cells for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV. These DNA-VLPs minimize off-target immune responses, enhancing bnAb precursor expansion for more effective HIV vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Generating broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV requires priming rare precursor B cells in germinal centers (GCs).
  • Existing multivalent immunogens on protein nanoparticles can elicit off-target B cell responses, potentially limiting bnAb precursor expansion.
  • DNA origami-based virus-like particles (DNA-VLPs) offer a novel scaffold for immunogen display.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate DNA-VLPs displaying a germline-targeting HIV envelope immunogen.
  • To assess the ability of DNA-VLPs to enhance the expansion of bnAb precursor B cells compared to protein nanoparticles.
  • To determine if minimizing scaffold-specific B cell responses improves bnAb priming.

Main Methods:

  • Rational design of DNA-VLPs displaying a germline-targeting HIV envelope protein.
  • Immunization of a humanized mouse model.
  • Analysis of germinal center B cell populations and bnAb-lineage B cell expansion.
  • Comparison with a state-of-the-art clinical protein nanoparticle.

Main Results:

  • DNA-VLPs elicited no detectable scaffold-specific antibody responses.
  • DNA-VLPs increased the expansion of epitope-specific GC B cells relative to off-target B cells.
  • DNA-VLPs enhanced the expansion of bnAb-lineage B cells in a CD4 binding site priming model.

Conclusions:

  • Minimizing off-target immune responses is crucial for effective bnAb priming.
  • DNA-VLPs represent a promising vaccine platform for enhancing bnAb precursor cell expansion.
  • This approach could lead to more effective HIV vaccines by improving the generation of bnAbs.