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Key Components and Barriers in Web-Based Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training: Systematic Narrative Review.

Olivier Ferlatte1,2, Emmanuelle Gareau1,2, Keven Lee1,2

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Web-based gatekeeper training programs (GTPs) enhance suicide prevention by focusing on accessible design, comprehensive content, and interactive pedagogy. Optimizing these elements improves engagement and effectiveness for wider reach.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • Gatekeeper training programs (GTPs) are crucial for suicide prevention, training community members to identify and support at-risk individuals.
  • Web-based GTPs offer scalable, flexible, and cost-effective alternatives to in-person training.
  • Current understanding of optimal design, delivery, and engagement strategies for web-based GTPs is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and identify key components, facilitators, and barriers of web-based gatekeeper training programs (GTPs).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science) for articles published between 2000 and 2025.
  • 59 peer-reviewed studies on web-based GTPs met the inclusion criteria.
  • Content analysis was employed to identify critical components and barriers influencing the delivery and reception of these programs.

Main Results:

  • Key design considerations include accessibility, customizability, privacy, and platform sustainability.
  • Essential training content covers suicide knowledge, gatekeeping skills, resource awareness, and general mental health education.
  • Effective pedagogy involves interactive activities, knowledge checks, reinforcement, community building, and promoting trainee autonomy.

Conclusions:

  • Web-based GTPs show promise for expanding suicide prevention training access.
  • Effectiveness can be enhanced by integrating web-learning frameworks, user-centered design, and interactive elements.
  • Future research should focus on acceptability, feasibility, sustainability, and adapting programs for diverse populations, potentially using co-design approaches.