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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
Published on: July 15, 2009
Titanium implants functionalized with metal-polyphenol networks to enhance osseointegration in diabetic conditions
Xue Tao1, Mingjuan Wang2, Mutong Wei1
1Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base ofResearch, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Jiangsu ProvinceEngineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Abstract:
The pathological microenvironment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is marked by local hyperglycemia, elevated oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to infection, all of which commonly impair the osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants. To address this clinical challenge, we developed a metal-polyphenol network (CGA/Sr coating) formed by chelating chlorogenic acid with strontium ions, which was anchored to the Ti surface via aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS). The CGA/Sr coating successfully suppressed the biological activity of S. aureus and E. coli, decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced mitochondrial function. Cell experiments have shown that the coating promotes the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, and up-regulates osteogenic markers (Runx2, OSX, OCN). This osteoinductive effect is mediated through the promotion of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The involvement of this pathway was further confirmed using a specific inhibitor (FH535). In a type 2 diabetic rat model, Ti rods coated with CGA/Sr exhibited enhanced osteogenesis and osseointegration, as confirmed by micro-CT scanning and histological evaluation. In conclusion, the CGA/Sr coating represents a promising biomaterial strategy for enhancing the osseointegration of Ti implants in DM patients.
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