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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
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[Difficult Wounds in the Head and Neck Area].

Maximilian Gänzle, Matthäus Stöhr, Andreas Dietz

    Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
    |February 5, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Head and neck wound care requires tailored strategies for complex cases. Innovative approaches like combined negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) show promise for difficult wounds, improving healing outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Plastic Surgery
    • Wound Healing
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Head and neck wound care presents unique challenges due to complex anatomy, function, and aesthetics.
    • Effective management requires consideration of systemic/local factors and consistent care to minimize complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review strategies for managing diverse head and neck wounds, including traumatic, iatrogenic, and chronic types.
    • To highlight the role of wound closure, suture techniques, dressings, and specialized approaches for difficult wounds.
    • To present a case report on pharyngocutaneous fistula management and explore novel therapies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of wound care principles for head and neck region.
    • Case report detailing management of a pharyngocutaneous fistula.

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  • Discussion of conventional and advanced treatment modalities, including negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).

    • Main Results:

    • Specific strategies are needed for traumatic, iatrogenic, and chronic wounds.
    • Interdisciplinary and individualized approaches are beneficial for complex wounds like bite injuries or postoperative defects.
    • Combined endo- and external NPWT can aid granulation and closure in specific challenging cases, though not standard practice.

    Conclusions:

    • An individualized, interdisciplinary approach is crucial for optimal head and neck wound healing.
    • Innovative techniques, including NPWT and future regenerative procedures, are vital for improving outcomes.
    • The focus is on reducing healing time, complications, and optimizing function and aesthetics.