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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Early cancer diagnosis, particularly for osteosarcoma (OS), necessitates non-invasive liquid biopsy methods.
  • Exosomes are crucial biomarkers for cancer detection.
  • Existing isothermal nucleic acid amplification (NAA)-integrated electrochemical aptasensors (E-aptasensors) face challenges in integrating signal trigger sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a template-free and universal isothermal NAA-integrated E-aptasensor for OS-derived exosome detection.
  • To establish a highly sensitive and specific detection method for OS exosomes.
  • To provide a practical tool for liquid biopsy in osteosarcoma diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a membrane-initiated enzymatic polymerization (MIEP)-based magneto-driven E-aptasensor.
  • Utilized terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdTase)-mediated DNA polymerization on exosome membranes.
  • Employed aptamer-functionalized magnetic microbeads (MMBs) for exosome capture and horseradish peroxidase for signal amplification.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultrasensitive detection of OS cell-derived exosomes.
  • Demonstrated a broad linear detection range (6 × 10^7 to 6 × 10^10 particles/mL) with a low detection limit (60 particles/μL).
  • Exhibited high specificity, good recovery rates (87.9%-98.3% in human plasma), and successful application to clinical plasma samples.

Conclusions:

  • The MIEP-based E-aptasensor is a powerful tool for osteosarcoma liquid biopsy.
  • The aptasensor offers high generality, low sample demand, and high practicability for clinical applications.
  • The innovative design strategy provides a versatile platform for developing advanced exosome biosensors for clinical research and precision medicine.