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Chorioretinitis Associated with HSV-1 Neuroinfection Following Viral Infection. A Case Report
Summary
A rare case of chorioretinitis linked to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation after parvovirus B19 infection highlights potential immune interactions. Prompt antiviral treatment improved vision, emphasizing the need for swift intervention in viral neuro-ophthalmic cases.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuro-ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Chorioretinitis, a form of posterior uveitis, causes vision impairment and can lead to irreversible vision loss.
- Differentiating infectious from non-infectious causes is critical for effective treatment and prognosis.
- Early diagnosis and targeted therapy are essential for managing chorioretinitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare instance of chorioretinitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation.
- To explore the potential link between a preceding parvovirus B19 infection and HSV-1 reactivation.
Main Methods:
- A 35-year-old female presented with acute vision loss in her left eye following a diagnosed parvovirus B19 infection.
- Diagnostic workup included fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography, OCT, perimetry, serology, and lumbar puncture.
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed HSV-1 via PCR.
Main Results:
- Fundoscopic examination revealed macular inflammatory changes.
- Molecular analysis confirmed HSV-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid.
- Acyclovir treatment led to clinical stabilization and improved visual acuity to 20/25.
Conclusions:
- The case suggests a potential immunomodulatory effect of parvovirus B19 infection, triggering HSV-1 reactivation.
- This case emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for viral neuro-ophthalmic complications.
- Prompt therapeutic intervention is crucial for favorable outcomes in such cases.
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