[Pathological evaluation and research progress of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus]

Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus is a subtype of urinary system malignancy with high clinical challenges. In recent years, with the development of pathological techniques and growing insights into molecular mechanism research, significant progress has been made in the fields of molecular regulation of tumor thrombus formation, precise pathological assessment, and optimization of staging systems. This article focuses on the pathological features of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus, systematically sorts out the application differences of the clinical staging and grading system of tumor thrombus, explores the impact of pathological assessment on clinical staging, treatment strategy selection and patient prognosis, and analyzes the formation mechanism of tumor thrombus from the perspectives of relevant molecular and cellular ecology.