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AI-Generated MCQs for Pre-Doctoral Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Acceptable Efficiency With Cognitive-Level
Noha M Elkersh1, Nora Saif2,3, Wala Samir4
1Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Summary
Large language models like ChatGPT-4o can create multiple-choice questions for dental education, but experts found many required refinement. AI-generated questions often tested basic recall rather than higher-order thinking skills.
Area of Science:
- Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Dental Radiology Curriculum Development
Background:
- Increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating educational assessments.
- Limited understanding of the educational validity of AI-generated multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in dental settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate ChatGPT-4o's performance in creating MCQs for pre-doctoral oral and maxillofacial radiology.
- Assess the quality, cognitive depth, and usability of AI-generated MCQs.
Main Methods:
- ChatGPT-4o generated 100 MCQs from course materials.
- Expert oral radiologists reviewed question quality, answers, and explanations.
- AI-detection tools and human experts assessed a subset for source identification accuracy.
Main Results:
- 43% of AI-generated questions and 65% of answers were deemed usable with minor edits.
- Most questions assessed knowledge recall, with limited higher-order thinking.
- Both human experts and AI tools struggled to reliably distinguish AI-generated from human-created questions.
Conclusions:
- ChatGPT-4o can generate MCQs for dental education, but refinement is necessary.
- Current AI-generated questions primarily focus on knowledge recall.
- Further research is needed to enhance the quality and cognitive complexity of AI-generated dental education MCQs.
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