Multiple analysis of the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Western China

Nutrition is crucial for the growth of children and adolescents. This study investigated multiple nutritional problems and influencing factors among 2423 students aged 6-17 years in Guizhou Province, using questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and blood tests. Multifactorial logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to identify determinants of overnutrition and undernutrition. The results showed a distinct profile compared with national averages: wasting was more prevalent (9·6 %), while overweight (8·6 %) and obesity (5·0 %) were less common. Notably, hyperuricaemia (27·6 %) and Zn deficiency (17·9 %) were elevated, whereas classical metabolic syndrome (2·3 %) was lower, delineating a regional pattern that prioritises these emerging and micronutrient issues. Marginal vitamin A deficiency (17·2 %) and vitamin D inadequacy (50·9 %) remained significant. Older age (11-17 years) was a strong risk factor for overnutrition-related disorders and hyperuricaemia (All P < 0·001). Overweight/obesity increased risks of hyperuricaemia and metabolic syndrome (All P < 0·001). Being female was a major risk factor for undernutrition (prevalence ratio = 1·27, 95 % CI: 1·19, 1·35, P < 0·001) and vitamin D deficiency (adjusted OR = 2·51, 95 % CI: 2·10, 3·00, P < 0·001), but a protective factor against hyperuricaemia (adjusted OR = 0·34, 95 % CI: 0·27, 0·41, P < 0·001). Frequent sugary drink consumption (≥ 3/week) elevated hyperuricaemia risk (adjusted OR = 1·33, 95 % CI: 1·05, 1·69, P = 0·020). This study underscores a complex double burden of malnutrition in western China, characterised by specific priority areas, and necessitates tailored, multi-component interventions such as limiting sugary drinks and focusing nutrition support on adolescent girls.