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Long-Range Quantitative Multi-VOC Fluorescence Sensing Enabled by Donor-Carborane-Acceptor Assembly.

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New small molecule sensors offer quantitative fluorescence sensing for multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Cb-NA sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and discrimination for various VOCs, overcoming limitations of current technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing single sensors for multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using quantitative fluorescence (QF) is crucial.
  • Existing polymer-based sensors face limitations, and small-molecule sensor development remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel small-molecule sensors with aggregation-induced emission and through-space charge transfer (TSCT) potential for multi-VOC sensing.
  • To evaluate the performance of these sensors in detecting and discriminating various VOCs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three donor-carborane-acceptor sensors (Cb-FL, Cb-NE, Cb-NA).
  • Assembly of sensors into centrosymmetric dimers in crystals and aggregates in films.
  • Testing film-based sensors for quantitative fluorescence (QF) response to multiple VOCs.

Main Results:

  • Cb-NA film demonstrated an emission-off response to seven distinct analytes, including toluene and amines.
  • QF sensitivity was maintained over three orders of magnitude (178 mg/m³-88.93 g/m³).
  • Fast response/recovery times (16-60s/8-15s) and low detection limits (178-209 mg/m³) were achieved for Cb-NA.

Conclusions:

  • Cb-NA sensor effectively utilizes TSCT in dissociated single molecules for independent emission quenching.
  • This mechanism enables long-range QF sensitivity and discrimination of multiple VOCs.
  • The developed small-molecule sensors show promise for advanced multi-VOC detection applications.