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Supporting Blue Carbon Accounting: A Process-Based Productivity Model for Global Salt Marshes.

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Environmental Science & Technology
|February 6, 2026
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Summary

Coastal salt marshes (CSMs) are crucial blue carbon (BC) sinks. A new model, SAL-GPP, accurately quantifies their gross primary productivity (GPP), improving BC accounting and climate mitigation efforts.

Keywords:
blue carboncoastal salt marshesglobal simulationgross primary productivityprocess-based model

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Coastal salt marshes (CSMs) are significant blue carbon (BC) reservoirs.
  • Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) struggle to accurately quantify CSM gross primary productivity (GPP) due to overlooked coastal-specific processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate SAL-GPP, a process-based model for estimating GPP in CSMs.
  • To incorporate coastal-specific factors like salinity and temperature stress into GPP modeling.
  • To provide high-resolution global simulations of CSM GPP for BC accounting and climate mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed SAL-GPP, a process-based model with coastal-specific modules for salinity and temperature effects on photosynthesis and light-use efficiency.
  • Validated the model against observational data, achieving high R² (0.82) and model efficiencies (0.82 daily, 0.74 seasonal).
  • Executed global simulations using SAL-GPP with global input data.

Main Results:

  • SAL-GPP accurately simulated daily and seasonal GPP in CSMs.
  • Global simulations (2011-2020) estimated mean annual GPP at 66.89 ± 11.68 TgC yr⁻¹.
  • Identified key GPP hotspots in the southeastern US, western Europe, southeastern China, and Australia, accounting for 64% of total GPP.
  • Observed a fluctuating trend in global CSM GPP from 2011-2020, peaking in 2020.
  • SAL-GPP outperformed existing remote sensing and TBM products.

Conclusions:

  • SAL-GPP offers a robust tool for accurately quantifying CSM GPP.
  • The model enhances global BC accounting and supports nature-based climate mitigation strategies.
  • Explicitly modeling coastal dynamics is crucial for accurate blue carbon assessments.