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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
20.1K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

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Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
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What is Genetic Engineering?

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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

1.6K
Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Halide perovskite scintillators for X-ray detection: from structure to engineering.

I O Simonenko1,2, R G Nazmitdinov1,2, V A Kinev3

  • 1Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia. rashid@theor.jinr.ru.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
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Halide perovskites offer superior ionizing radiation detection with high light yields and fast responses, rivaling traditional scintillators. Ongoing research focuses on enhancing stability and developing multifunctional detectors for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Halide perovskites (HPs) are emerging as advanced materials for ionizing radiation detection.
  • Their properties, including high atomic numbers and luminescence, make them alternatives to traditional scintillators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles of perovskite scintillator operation.
  • To classify HPs based on structure and morphology and discuss synthesis impacts.
  • To highlight engineering techniques for performance enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of HPs by structural dimensionality and morphology.
  • Discussion of synthesis methods and their effect on scintillation.
  • Review of compositional and structural engineering techniques like doping and defect passivation.

Main Results:

  • Record-breaking performance metrics achieved, including high light yields (>150,000 ph MeV⁻¹).
  • Low limits of detection (<10 nGyair s⁻¹), ultrafast responses (<1 ns), and high spatial resolution (>100 lp mm⁻¹).
  • Fabrication of composite screens and nanostructured systems with enhanced properties.

Conclusions:

  • Halide perovskites demonstrate significant potential for next-generation radiation detectors.
  • Challenges like toxicity and stability need addressing for widespread adoption.
  • Future directions include multifunctional scintillators and data-driven material discovery.