Halide perovskite scintillators for X-ray detection: from structure to engineering.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Physics
• Chemistry

Background:

• Halide perovskites (HPs) are emerging as advanced materials for ionizing radiation detection.
• Their properties, including high atomic numbers and luminescence, make them alternatives to traditional scintillators.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental principles of perovskite scintillator operation.
• To classify HPs based on structure and morphology and discuss synthesis impacts.
• To highlight engineering techniques for performance enhancement.

Main Methods:

• Classification of HPs by structural dimensionality and morphology.
• Discussion of synthesis methods and their effect on scintillation.
• Review of compositional and structural engineering techniques like doping and defect passivation.

Main Results:

• Record-breaking performance metrics achieved, including high light yields (>150,000 ph MeV⁻¹).
• Low limits of detection (<10 nGyair s⁻¹), ultrafast responses (<1 ns), and high spatial resolution (>100 lp mm⁻¹).
• Fabrication of composite screens and nanostructured systems with enhanced properties.

Conclusions:

• Halide perovskites demonstrate significant potential for next-generation radiation detectors.
• Challenges like toxicity and stability need addressing for widespread adoption.
• Future directions include multifunctional scintillators and data-driven material discovery.