Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Implantation of an Isoproterenol Mini-Pump to Induce Heart Failure in Mice
Published on: October 3, 2019
Getting de Pointes Across: Isoproterenol for Refractory Methadone-Associated Torsades de Pointes in Alcohol
Jennifer Wrona1, Carmelita Coca2, Tyson Dietrich3
1Pharmacy Services, Banner Health, Phoenix, USA.
Abstract:
Methadone is known to prolong the QTc interval and may precipitate torsades de pointes (TdP), particularly at higher doses and in the presence of additional risk factors. Standard management involves discontinuation of the offending agent, correction of electrolyte imbalances, and administration of intravenous magnesium; however, some patients may continue to experience recurrent TdP. We present a case of a young female on high-dose methadone, who developed TdP in the context of acute alcohol withdrawal and clonidine-associated bradycardia. Her arrhythmia persisted despite treatment with magnesium and lidocaine but resolved following initiation of an isoproterenol infusion. This case emphasizes the importance of systematic risk assessment in patients receiving methadone and supports the use of isoproterenol as a viable therapeutic option when TdP is refractory to first-line interventions.
Related Concept Videos
Oxidation of Alcohols
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Protection of Alcohols
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group. The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2, depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction
The reaction requires two equivalents of the Grignard reagent and introduces two identical alkyl groups, derived from the Grignard reagent, bonded to the hydroxyl-bearing carbon of the alcohol.
The reaction follows the typical nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism. The Grignard...

