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Historical contingency limits adaptive diversification in a spatially structured environment.

Gillian E Patton1,2, John C Meraz3, Michelle Yin1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A specific mutation in Escherichia coli can create an evolutionary dead end, limiting adaptation in structured environments. Genotype-by-environment interactions reveal how early beneficial mutations shape evolutionary trajectories.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Microbial evolution
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions are crucial for predicting evolutionary adaptation.
  • In structured environments, populations can diversify into ecotypes, influenced by ecological opportunity and adaptive landscapes.
  • Early beneficial mutations can restrict future adaptive pathways, highlighting evolutionary contingency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how first-step mutations influence evolutionary trajectories in Escherichia coli.
  • To experimentally compare the evolution of wild-type and fimbrial-deficient (ΔfimA) E. coli in structured and unstructured environments.
  • To understand the role of G × E interactions in shaping adaptive landscapes and diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evolution of wild-type and ΔfimA E. coli.
  • Comparison of evolutionary trajectories in spatially structured versus unstructured environments.
  • Genomic sequencing to identify early mutational pathways.

Main Results:

  • In structured environments, ΔfimA E. coli initially benefited from reduced energetic costs but adaptation was constrained.
  • Wild-type E. coli showed greater adaptive potential and range expansion in structured environments.
  • In unstructured environments, both genotypes exhibited similar evolutionary trajectories and parallel mutations.

Conclusions:

  • A single, clinically relevant mutation (ΔfimA) can lead to an evolutionary "dead end" by constraining diversification.
  • Adaptive landscapes in structured environments can be rugged, trapping lineages on local fitness peaks.
  • G × E interactions significantly impact the predictability and contingency of microbial evolution.