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Evolution of phenotypic plasticity owing to migration.

Davorka Gulisija1,2, Mitchell Newberry1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.

Evolution Letters
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PubMed
Summary

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability to change traits, can persist even in stable environments. Low migration rates between populations can maintain this trait, even if it

Keywords:
migrationphenotypic plasticitypopulation structure

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adapt to changing environments.
  • The evolutionary forces maintaining plasticity, especially in constant environments, are not fully understood.
  • Generational turnover and differing conditions between parents and offspring are thought to be necessary for plasticity maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions under which phenotypic plasticity can emerge and persist in stable environments.
  • To determine the role of migration in maintaining costly phenotypic plasticity.
  • To explore the genetic architecture's independence from plasticity maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-locus, two-deme model.
  • Employed stochastic simulations and analytical approximations to explore the parameter space.
  • Analyzed the influence of selection strength, migration rates, and fitness trade-offs.

Main Results:

  • Phenotypic plasticity can be maintained even in constant environments with low migration rates.
  • Plasticity can persist even when it is costly and not linked to the fittest genotype.
  • Derived analytical conditions for adaptive maintenance of plasticity based on selection, migration, and trade-offs.

Conclusions:

  • Migration can be a key factor in the evolution and persistence of phenotypic plasticity.
  • This study reveals novel evolutionary pathways for plasticity.
  • Findings offer insights into how seemingly maladaptive traits can establish in adapted populations.