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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Association between adipokines and glycemia in children under age 8: the PROGRESS cohort of Mexico

Yara S Beyh, Haotian Wu, K M Venkat Narayan

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |February 6, 2026
    PubMed

    Insights

    Childhood adipokines like leptin and adiponectin show no longitudinal link to blood sugar levels. However, at age 8, higher leptin was associated with insulin resistance in children.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Health
    • Obesity Research

    Background:

    • The role of adipokines in childhood glycemic control remains unclear.
    • Adipokines are signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that influence metabolic processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the longitudinal association between adipokines and glycemia in a Mexican pediatric cohort.
    • To examine cross-sectional associations at age 8 years.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal follow-up of 948 children from birth (PROGRESS cohort).
    • Measurements of leptin, adiponectin, glucose, and HbA1c at ages 4, 6, and 8 years; fasting insulin at 8 years.
    • Analysis using linear mixed models and multivariable linear regression, adjusted for covariates.

    Main Results:

    • Leptin levels increased, while adiponectin and the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio decreased from ages 4 to 8.
    • No longitudinal association was found between adipokines and glycemia over time.
    • Cross-sectionally at age 8, leptin correlated with insulin, HOMA2-B, HOMA2-IR, and HOMA2-S.

    Conclusions:

    • Adipokine levels change significantly during childhood, but without a clear longitudinal impact on glycemia.
    • Leptin's association with insulin resistance markers at age 8 warrants further investigation.
    • Understanding adipokine metabolism in children is crucial for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
    Abstract

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