Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

1.0K
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
1.0K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

1.1K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.1K
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

507
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
507
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

914
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
914
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

575
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
575
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

628
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
628

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nutrition and Exercise in Critical Illness (NEXIS) trial: randomized trial of combined in-bed cycling and intravenous amino acid plus usual care.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Airspace miR-146a levels in ventilated patients decrease with age and correlate with mortality.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Impact of Fostamatinib on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.

Critical care explorations·2026
Same author

Type I Interferon-Driven Monocyte Dysregulation and MAS-associated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells During Macrophage Activation Syndrome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Monitoring What Matters: Artificial Intelligence, Inspiratory Effort, and Patient-Ventilator Interaction in the ICU.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Multisite evaluation of automated electronic case report form data entry from electronic health records.

Journal of biomedical informatics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms for Non&#45;Invasive Respiratory Monitoring in Pigs
04:10

Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms for Non-Invasive Respiratory Monitoring in Pigs

Published on: March 8, 2024

1.8K

Alveolar Immune Profiling Identifies Distinct Subphenotypes of Acute Respiratory Failure.

Eric D Morrell1, Ted Liu1, Marika Orlov2

  • 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified four distinct acute respiratory failure subphenotypes using lung fluid biomarkers. These subphenotypes show different immune cell profiles and mortality rates, paving the way for precision medicine in ARF treatment.

More Related Videos

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
16:56

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

17.6K
Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms for Non&#45;Invasive Respiratory Monitoring in Pigs
04:10

Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms for Non-Invasive Respiratory Monitoring in Pigs

Published on: March 8, 2024

1.8K
Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
16:56

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

17.6K
Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a leading cause of death globally.
  • Current ARF subtyping relies on peripheral blood, but lung-specific profiles remain unexplored.
  • Understanding ARF pathophysiology is crucial for identifying treatment-responsive patient groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define biologically and clinically meaningful ARF subphenotypes using lung-specific molecular profiles.
  • To investigate the association between these subphenotypes and patient mortality.
  • To explore the immune cell characteristics of different ARF subphenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 25 soluble proteins in alveolar fluid from 466 ARF patients.
  • Immunophenotyping using spectral flow cytometry in 48 participants.
  • Development and validation of a classifier to predict subphenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct ARF subphenotypes were identified with varying 28-day mortality rates (12.7% to 29.4%).
  • Subphenotypes differed in soluble protein levels, immune cell populations (e.g., T cells), and inflammatory mediators.
  • A classifier successfully predicted subphenotypes in independent cohorts, though mortality associations were not consistently detected.

Conclusions:

  • Novel ARF subphenotypes with distinct immune signatures and clinical outcomes have been identified.
  • Lung-specific molecular measures are valuable for defining ARF subphenotypes.
  • These findings support the integration of precision medicine approaches in ARF management.