Advances in the pathogenesis of rosacea

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with complex, not fully understood pathogenesis.
• It primarily affects the face and involves multiple contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent significant advances in understanding rosacea pathogenesis.
• To highlight key molecular and microbial factors involved in the disease.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent genomic studies utilizing bioinformatics and whole-genome sequencing.
• Analysis of research on neurovascular dysfunction, innate immunity pathways, and microbiota.

Main Results:

• Novel susceptibility genes identified through genomic analysis.
• Neurovascular dysfunction, abnormal neuropeptide expression, and amino acid metabolism are key factors.
• The TLR2/LL-37/mTORC1 signaling axis in innate immunity is detailed.
• Skin and gut microbiota dysbiosis and impaired skin barrier function are linked to rosacea.

Conclusions:

• A deeper understanding of rosacea pathogenesis is emerging.
• This knowledge will facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
• Individualized treatment approaches for rosacea are becoming more feasible.