Progress in mechanochemical synthesis of catalysts for the CO2 processes: a step towards carbon neutrality
Anam Shahzadi1, Muhammad Adnan Iqbal1,2, Adnan Majeed1,3
1Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan adnan.iqbal@uaf.edu.pk.
Abstract:
This review examines mechanochemical synthesis as a solvent-free and scalable approach for high-performance CO2 reduction catalysts. Mechanical energy-driven methods, particularly high-energy ball milling, enable controlled defect formation, enhanced metal-support interactions, and atomic dispersion, thereby improving CO2 activation and conversion. Recent advances are discussed across major reaction pathways, including methanation (>99% CH4 selectivity), light olefin production (55.4% selectivity), photocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO production up to 306.1 µmol g-1 h-1), and integrated capture utilization systems. Structure performance relationships and techno-economic aspects are evaluated, highlighting 60-90% waste reduction and 20-50% energy savings relative to conventional synthesis. Overall, mechanochemistry represents a versatile and scalable platform for advancing sustainable CO2 valorization strategies.
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