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Updated: Feb 7, 2026
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Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System
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Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Responses to Questions on Plastic Surgery Education: An Exploratory
Elisabeth Eschenbacher1, Raymund E Horch1, Fabian Necker1
1From the Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|February 6, 2026
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems accurately summarize plastic surgery residency training. Top AI models like OpenAI o1 and ChatGPT 4o show potential for enhancing surgical education and training.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Artificial Intelligence
- Surgical Training
Background:
- Plastic surgery residency training is a dynamic field.
- The study investigates AI's ability to identify key training aspects.
- Compares AI insights with those of human experts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate how different AI systems represent plastic surgery residency training.
- To compare AI-generated content with expert-identified key aspects.
- To assess the accuracy, quality, and comprehensiveness of AI responses.
Main Methods:
- Six advanced AI systems were tested: ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4o, Claude 3.5, Gemini 1.5 Pro, Llama 3.1 70B, and OpenAI o1.
- AI responses on residency training were assessed for accuracy, quality, and comprehensiveness.
- Evaluations were conducted by both the AI systems and independent field experts.
Main Results:
- All tested AI systems provided accurate and comprehensive information on residency training.
- OpenAI o1 and ChatGPT 4o achieved the highest scores across all evaluation categories.
- While some AI systems offered more superficial coverage, all identified core training elements.
Conclusions:
- OpenAI o1 and ChatGPT 4o demonstrated superior accuracy and depth in summarizing training.
- AI holds significant potential for advancing medical education and personalized surgical training.
- AI tools may offer innovative solutions for efficient and tailored surgical residency programs.
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