Community-Based Interventions to Improve Eye Health Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This review aimed to synthesize evidence on community-based interventions designed to improve eye health among older adults.

Eleven electronic databases and reference lists of relevant studies were systematically searched. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model with standardized mean differences (SMD) and relative risks. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² and Chi-square tests, with subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses performed.

Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, and 13 were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions included educational, telephone-based, and health promotion programs. Educational programs significantly improved attitudes toward eye health (SMD = 3.91) and general eye health behaviors (SMD = 8.20). Structured teaching interventions had the greatest effect on knowledge (SMD = 4.04), while community-based support groups improved eye examination uptake (SMD = 4.33). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses found no significant moderators, with persistent heterogeneity.

Community-based interventions appear to enhance eye health knowledge and behaviors among older adults, but evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, warranting cautious interpretation.

PROSPERO: Identifier CRD42023434652.